The Malacostraca Family Crabs, Lobsters, and More

Crabs, lobsters, and their relatives (Malacostraca), also known as malacostracans, are a group of crustaceans that includes crabs, lobsters, shrimp, mantis shrimp, prawns, krill, spider crabs, woodlice and many others. There are about 25,000 species of malacostracans alive today. The body structure of malacostracans is highly diverse. In general, it consists of three tagmata (groups of segments) including a head, thorax and abdomen. The head consists of five segments, the thorax has eight segments and the abdomen has six segments. The head of a malacostracan has two pairs of antennae and two pairs of maxillae. In some species, there is also a pair of compound eyes that are located at the end of stalks. Pairs of appendages are also found on the thorax (the number varies from species to species) and some of the segments of the thorax tagma may be fused with the head tagma to form a structure known as the cephalothorax. All but the last segment of the abdomen bears a pair of appendages called pleopods. The last segment bears a pair of appendages called uropods. Many malacostracans are brightly colored. They have a thick exoskeleton that is further strengthened with calcium carbonate. The worlds largest crustacean is a malacostracan—the Japanese spider crab (Macrocheira kaempferi) has a leg span of up to 13 feet. Malacostrocans inhabit marine and freshwater habitats. A few groups also live in terrestrial habitats, though many still return to water to breed. Malacostrocans are most diverse in marine environments. Classification Malacostracans are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy Animals Invertebrates Arthropods Crustaceans Malacostracans Malacostracans are classified into the following taxonomic groups Crabs, lobsters, and shrimp (Eumalacostraca) - There are about 40,000 species of lobsters, crabs, shrimp, and their relatives alive today. Members of this group include krill, lobsters, crabs, shrimp, prawns, mantis shrimp and many others. Within this group, the most familiar subgroups include the crabs (a group more than 6,700 species of 10-legged crustaceans that have a short tail and small abdomen that lies beneath the thorax) and the lobsters (of which there are several groups—the clawed lobsters, spiny lobsters and slipper lobsters).Mantis shrimp (Hoplocarida) - There are about 400 species of mantis shrimp alive today. Members of this group bear a superficial resemblance of the praying mantis (which is an insect and thus is not closely related to mantis shrimp).Phyllocaridans (Phyllocarida) - There are about 40 species of Phyllocaridians alive today. Members of this group are filter-feeding crustaceans. The most well-studied member of this group is Nebalia.

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Yolngu people Free Essays

Compare and contrast the life stages and life course of your own cultural group with that of a significantly cultural group within Australia. Media Child’s You Just need to ensure your sentences are direct and to the point – applying the correct terminology Introduction The Yowling indigenous people make up one of the oldest cultures on earth, stretching back more than 40,000 years and make up more than 50 clans, each has its own country, they have with twelve different dialects and many ceremonies that are all concerned with acting out the stones and lore’s of the ancestral pasts which Is tutee different to western life In Australia. The Yowling people divide themselves Into two basic divisions, or moieties, called Dhow and Wartime and are connected by a complex kinship system called guru. We will write a custom essay sample on Yolngu people or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have avoidance relationships with son- in-law, mother-in-law and brothers and sisters for their culture to function unlike Australian culture where we have no (need extra). The genders attend ceremonies separately to follow traditions unlike our customs where all a mix of genders are supposed to attend functions. Life stages are the are the steps we go through wrought our life journey that shape our identity, some stages are rights of passage others are actions or just simply participation that affects the self due to the experiences that we encounter. The fundamental deference between the cultures is the connection to the country or land and how the Yowling people see their land as their mother; who will take care of them and watch over them whereas we see land and property to Improve our finances and as as our status. Body Life stages form outsource is the path from birth until death that is shaped by our sections; the concept of our life stages where certain age groups go through rites of passage is similar is the same In both cultures. Often involving individuals being separated from society to go through the translator and then being reincorporated back Into society: such as ceremony for Yowling people and marriage for Australians where we (give wedding example). The Yowling hold some ceremonies just for men that are intended to mark a new stage of life for the individual and develops one’s identity within the Yowling culture which is essential for progressing towards man hood and to be accepted as a man. It may involve being taken away from the group for up to a week to learn different skills such as hunting and when they come back they are viewed as a valued contributor that holds a different more experienced status or role after the ceremony (good). In typical Australian culture life stages can form a series of rights of passage such as getting our car license, turning eighteen or moving out of These stages are marked by events and functions. Often events such as an eighteenth birthday mark an important time in an individual’s life where they’re now considered as an adult. .. Giving them the right to†¦. Portent due to their specialized knowledge because they have been around the longest and have experienced the most whereas in Australian culture we are a capitalist society and value people with power, money and authority; we value materialistic items whereas the Yowling people value knowledge and care about what’s on the inside, not the outside (physical appearance). The Yowling people holder stronger bonds outside blood ties, they have strong links with their extended family and are expected to follow family traditions whereas in Australian culture we focus on our immediate family (be specific – what type of Emily). Yowling groups are connected by a complex kinship system called guru, this system governs fundamental aspects of Yowling life, including responsibilities for ceremony and marriage rules. Yowling life is divided into two moieties, Dhow and Wartime, each of these is represented by people of a different number of groups, each that have their own lands, languages and totems. Avoidance relationships also exist in Yowling culture the two main ones include son in law, mother in law and brother and sister. In Australian culture we have similar relationships where it is frowned upon for first cousins to marry and is illegal to marry your brother or sister. The life course or path that one chooses may depend on life events and the opportunities put in front of them. Yowling culture performs traditional rituals and would never do anything to hurt the land, as the land is their mother, which ensures that they follow traditions and stick to their culture rules to protect what means most to them. They look up to the elders in their tribe and share tight bonds within their group; they see each other together as one and thrive of the idea of belonging. The sys all aim to be selected to go through ceremony to become a man and see it as a reward. If you have not had the ceremony yet you cannot marry nor fall in love. Whereas in Australian culture we have more freedom with the choices we choose to make with the help and influence of our peers. We look up to our parents and older family members but also the ones with power and money such as teachers or a wealthy boss. In Australian culture we have the choice to determine our own interests and hobbies, our peers have shaped us to be who we are but we also have individuality. In life we are expected to follow through with traditional education and hobbies and care for one another, mainly your immediate family. Our gender within society reflects the roles we play and the choices we determine. In Australia we tend to want to follow our path to self-fulfillment and to get a good Job and earn a satisfying income. Conclusion The life stages and life course of the Yowling culture and our Australian culture both explore different traditions and experiences that shape and define the people we are today. While we all experience life stages our lives are marked by different rites of How to cite Yolngu people, Papers

Conglomerate Under the Microscope free essay sample

A conglomerate under the microscope In 1960, Arthur Rosenburg founded Tyco when he opened a laboratory to do experimental work the United States government. It wasn’t until 1962, Rosenburg incorporated the business as Tyco Laboratories. The company’s focus was on energy conservation products and tech materials science for commercial use. In September 1964 Tyco went public and began its acquisition of other companies to enlarge its development and distribution network. Over the 22 years Tyco grew substantially through key acquisitions and growing diversity within the corporation. Some key acquisitions included: †¢1974: Simplex Technologies, manufacturers of undersea fiber optic telecommunications cable †¢1976: Grinnell Fire Protection Systems, manufacturers of and contractors for fire sprinkler systems †¢1979: Armin Plastics, manufacturers of polyethylene film products †¢1981: Ludlow Corporation, manufacturers of packaging products. The addition of these companies, a total equity of $49 million, $500 million in total sales, and a net worth $140 million pushed Tyco into the spotlight as a major conglomerate. All of the accomplishments and growth of Tyco can be contributed aggressive management by Roseburg and all executives who followed in his footsteps. Tyco is comprised four business units: Electrical and Electronic Components, Healthcare and Specialty Products, Fire and Security Services, and Flow Control. The Companys name was changed from Tyco Laboratories, Inc. to Tyco International Ltd. in 1993, to reflect Tycos global presence. In 1997, after the merger with ADT, Tyco moved its incorporation from Massachusetts to Bermuda. Over the last two decades Tyco has seen an impressive rise, booming business, devastating scandal, and complete resurrection of the organization. The company’s ethics have been under fire due to staggering legal setbacks. Fortunately, Tyco has been able bounce back, but the road back wasn’t an easy one. Spheres of Influence There have been many influences that shaped and molded Tyco since its inception in 1960. On July 19, 2001, the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and Tyco Fire Products LP affiliate, Central Sprinkler Company, nnounced a voluntary replacement program. The recall was in response to defective O-ring seals. Central Sprinkler Company took action when they discovered that the O-ring sprinklers were degrading over time. According to their findings, the sprinkler heads could corrode or contaminants such as salt could affect the O-ring seals. Those factors could have caused the sprinkler heads not activate in the event of a fire. (CPSC, 2001) The labor and free parts replacement covered 37 million fire sprinklers with O-ring seals made from the mid-1970 until 2001. There were also 167,000 sprinkler heads also recalled made by Gem Sprinkler Company and Star Sprinkler Inc. This move by Tyco management was prompted for two serious reasons. The first reason for the recall was the quality of the product that was released by Tyco. After extensive research and testing, Central Sprinkler Company was fortunate to catch the defect in its own product. The second and probably the most motivating factor was the prospect of massive lawsuits stemming from a faulty O-ring. Had the fault been overlooked, many lives would have been put in danger. The sprinkler recall wasn’t the only recall the Tyco International was faced with; there was also recall on smoke detectors. On May 19, 2006, Tyco Fire Security in cooperation with the Consumer Product Safety Commission released a product safety recall on Tyco Fire Security Fire Detection Systems. It was estimated that the recall affected about 21,000 Fire Detection Systems throughout the United States. The fault fire detection systems very susceptible to reduced sensitivity to smoke in conditions of high humidity and high temperature. If this were to occur, the senor on the device could have delayed detecting the presence of smoke in the event of a fire. Tyco Fire Security contacted building owners and managers with these sensors and provided free software upgrades. Like the recall of the sprinkler O-rings, Tyco International management was forced to correct this potentially disastrous problem. Not only is this an issue of ethics, but also an issue of legality. By being proactive in the problem, many lives were saved, the company’s reputation was in tact, and no legal issues emerged. In 1992, Dennis Kozlowski became CEO of Tyco International and spearheaded an aggressive acquisition strategy that led to the acquiring multitude of companies. Over the decade Tyco International enjoyed a steady improve in earnings and Kozlowski was constantly ranked as one of highest paid CEO’s in the United States. In 2002, on the heels of talks about splitting up the company into four separate companies, Tyco International came under fire for illegal accounting practices. It was later discovered that there were millions of unauthorized payments made to CEO Dennis Kozlowski and other Tyco employees. Dennis Kozlowski resigned from the company shortly after the scandal, leaving shareholders and Tyco employees unsure of the company’s future. According to reports, 11 names among the 51 Tyco employees who, at Kozlowskis direction and without board approval, received $56 million in bonuses that in effect canceled out loans they had taken from the companys relocation program. It was also found that $50 million was paid to Kozlowski and former chief financial officer Mark Swartz. The company said Kozlowski misused $62 million of the companys coffers to purchase a $16. million apartment on Fifth Avenue in New York and $14 million for improvements and furnishings to the apartment. Some of the furnishings that lacked any legitimate business purpose included a $15,000 dog umbrella stand; a $17,100 traveling toilet box; a $6,000 shower curtain; a $2,200 gilt metal wastebasket; and $2,900 for coat hangers. Overall, between 1995 and 2002, Kozlowski only paid back $21. 7 million of the $62 million. (CBS, 2002) After appointing former Motorola COO Edward Breen to CEO, Tyco International filed two federal lawsuits against Kozlowski and a federal suit against Swartz. Kozlowski and Swartz were charged with enterprise corruption and grand larceny for allegedly stealing $170 million from the company and obtaining $430 million through the fraudulent sales of securities. Both were convicted of all but one count. In this case Tyco made right decision to prosecute anyone involved with this case. If the scandal would have been poorly handled, the financial repercussions would have been devastating. In 2003, Tyco adopted the Guide to Ethical Conduct in order to guide and advise employees as to correct procedures and warn of unethical practices and behavior. Each year Tyco employees are now required to take an ethics course and sign an ethics statement upon completion. Soon after the fallout of the scandal Tyco was faced with lawsuits from investors. These investors lost money from securities they purchased from Tyco between Dec 13, 1999 and June 7, 2002. Tyco was able to settle with investors for 2. 97 billion dollars. The Tyco settlement is currently the largest ever by a company (Norris, 2007). On June 29, 2007, Tyco broke up into three independent companies, each with its own management group. The three companies are Covidien Ltd, Tyco Electronics Ltd, and Tyco International Ltd (formerly Tyco Fire Security and Tyco Engineered Products Services). CEO of Tyco International, Edward Breen and his management staff have begun work on re-establishing Tyco’s name and reputation in the business community. The commitment to ethical business practices can be seen in the company’s governance statement: Tyco believes that good governance requires not only an effective set of specific practices but also a culture of responsibility throughout the firm. Read more about our commitment to the highest standards of corporate governance.